How the romanized lines map to Gurmukhi. Long vowels are doubled; an h after a consonant means aspiration — a strong breath.
Retroflex letters (ਟ ਠ ਡ ਢ ਣ ੜ) are written with the same letters as their dental cousins — the tongue curls back. In recitation text, word-final ee/oo sometimes appears as i/u ("hosee" → "hosi") — the sound stays long.